务实战应用文写法精讲：合同与协议的区别-2
在国际贸易中，商务谈判成功后，都会双方签合同和协议是必须的。而合同和协议里面各自都有不一样的条款， 各自的要求也不一样，那么关于它们都各自有哪些要求呢?以下是小编给大家整理的商务实战应用文写法精讲：合同与协议的区别-2，希望可以帮到大家
三、用词专业(technical terms)
合同用词不以大众是否理解和接受为转移，它是合同语言准确表达的保障。如合同出现的“瑕疵”、 “救济”、 “不可抗力”、 “管辖”、“损毁”、 “灭失”等就可能让非行业人士费解，在英语以上表达分别为defect、remedy、force majuere/act of god、jurisdiction、damage and/or loss)。另外几乎每个合同都少不了hereinafter referred to as ， whereas， in witness whereof， for and on behalf of ， hereby， thereof 等虚词。这也是合同英语的一大特色。
其它例子还有：
“赔偿”用“indemnities”，而不用“compensation”
“不动产转让”用“conveyance”，而不用“transfer of real estate”
“房屋出租”用“tenancy”，而“财产出租”用“lease of property”
“停业”用“wind up a business”或“cease (名词是cessation) a business”，而不用“end/stop a business”
专利许可中的“特许权使用费”只用“royalities”
还款或专利申请的“宽限期”英文“grace”
“当事人在破产中的和解”用“composition”
以实物出资为“investment in kind”
“依照合同相关规定”一般说“pursuant to provisions contained herein”或“as provided herein”等，不说“according to relevant terms and conditions in the contract”
“合同任何一方当事人不得转让本合同”英文表述为“neither party hereto may assign this contract”，其中“hereto”表示“to the contract”，选用“neither party to the contract”较少。
3. 同义词、近义词、相关词的序列
for value received，the undersigned does hereby sell， transfer， assign and set over to ______ all his right， tile and interest in and to a certain contract dated ______， 19____ by and between the undersigned and ______，a copy of which is annexed hereto.
在这里的同义词和近义词并列(如sell， transfer， assign and set over，right和 tile and interest)，在英文合同里十分普遍。这是出于严谨和杜绝漏洞的考虑，有的也属于合同用语的固定模式。如：
this agreement is made and entered into by and between party a and party b.句中“made and entered into”和“by and between”两组分别属于同义词和相关词并列。
for and in consideration of mutual covenants and agreements contained herein， the parties hereby covenant and agree as follows： 句中“for and in consideration of ”， “covenants and agreements”三组同义司和近义词并列。
the parties have agreed to vary the management on the terms and subject to the conditions contained herein. 这里的“on the terms”和“subject to the conditions”是一个意思都表示“依照本协议的条款规定”。合同条款的固定模式是“terms and conditions”
再例如：
“party a wishes to be released and discharged from agreement as from the effective date”，一句中的“release”和“discharge”意思几乎相同。
并列的词还有：
ships and vessels
support and maintenance
licenses and permits
charges， fees， costs and expenses
any and all
any duties， obligations or liabilities
the partners， their heirs， successors and assigns
control and management of the partnership
applicable laws， regulations， decrees， directives， and rules
5. 拉丁词
在国外合同中，拉丁词仍然是很常见：
比例税率：用pro rate tax rate要比proportional tax rate多
从事慈善性服务的律师：pro bono lawyer，不怎么用la wyer engaged in charitable legal assistance
委托代理人：多用agent ad litem